Critically examine the abolition of doli incapax Essay

Critically examine the abolition of doli incapax - Essay Example however, this law was abolished in 1988 when the rebuttable presumption of Doli Incapax for minors between the ages of 10 and 14 was nullified by section 34 of the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 (CDA 1988). The presumption of Doli Incapax was that children below a certain age are incapable of guilt since they do not understand he implications and consequences of their actions, even if criminal in nature. After the abolition of Doli Incapax, there have been calls for England to increase the age of criminal responsibility for children. The abolition of the presumption of Doli Incapax effectively means that children between the ages of 10 and 14 can be taken to court, charged and found to have criminal responsibility (Gavadino, 1997). More recently, there have been hopes that CDA 98 abolished only the presumption of Doli Incapax but not the whole doctrine of the law. This came up in DPP v P (2007), where the question whether CDA abolished the underlying doctrine of Doli Incapax or the pres umption. However, this hope was later reduced by the Court of Appeal, who, in R v T (2008), held that CDA 1998 abolished the whole doctrine of Doli Incapax. It should be noted that England lags behind all other European countries at the age set for acceptance of criminal responsibility. In other European countries, despite the lack of a common age for criminal responsibility, all the other countries still have a higher age than in England. According to the Council of Europe’s Commission for human Rights, most of the European countries have a criminal responsibility age of between twelve years and sixteen of fifteen years. The low age of criminal responsibility in England does not also prevent the welfare approach to children over the age of 10 years. In this case, there have been myriad concerns that the abolition of the minimum age for Doli Incapax in England has given rise to more children being detained for small crimes and for longer periods than before the presumption wa s abolished. The Council of Europe for Human Rights also notes that if the presumption or defense of Doli Incapax were recognized in England, there would be more protection of children from small criminal actions and aligns the law in England with the laws in other countries. The efforts of the decision in DPP v P (2007) in trying to uphold the presumption of Doli Incapax were not enough to prove the existence of the presumption (Stone, 2010). Therefore, the subsequent decision of the Court of Appeal in the case of R v T was expected to a certain extent. Because of the defense of Doli Incapax being effectively removed, this analysis will focus on whether the presumption or defense of Doli Incapax should have been abolished initially, and if the government should be pressured by other groups to reinstate the law. This is done by tracing the concept of Doli Incapax, and the events that led to its abolition. The special treatment of children under law is not a new concept. In England, this defense can be traced as far back as the reign of King Ine in 688 AD through to the reign of other Kings between then and 925 Ad. For example, in 925 Ad and thereabouts, only children over the age of 12 would be prosecuted if the value of the stolen items were more than 8 pence. This indicates that the presumption of Doli Incapax existed from this period and lasted to the current abolition of the defense and presumption. However, it should be noted that in England at this time, there were distinct age levels at which the presumption could be upheld. Even though these age level structures could not be defined, it should be noted that there was a minimum age at which a child could absolutely not be prosecuted for crimes, where the defense was that the

Juvenile Court Characteristics Essay Example for Free

Juvenile Court Characteristics Essay

Essay --

The French and Indian war began in the year of 1754. The war began when a group of Virginian Settlers went to claim land, given to them by the king, near the Ohio River. When they arrived, the French kicked them out and would not let them have the land. As tensions slowly rose, Major George Washington led a group of Virginians to where the French had staked their claim. After being politely yet sternly sent away, Washington and his troops decided to camp out while reinforcements arrived. This is not for free. Don't steal. After arming themselves and the reinforcements, Washington and his men attacked the fort. After killing ten men, capturing twenty-one, and letting one escape, the first battle of the French-Indian War had ended. War erupted between France and Great Britain in the new world, and in England. The French and Indian War brought many hardships upon the colonists, whom were caught in the middle of the whole fiasco: the war changed ownership of certain colonies in the new w orld; acts were put into effect to help pay off war debt, and influential people from the Revolutionary war got their reputation in war and government from this war. One major effect of the French-Indian War was that some colonies in the new world changed in terms of ownership. Some of France’s colonies in present-day Canada were signed over to Great Britain after the war. Florida was also was signed away after Spain failed in their attempt to ruin the English. The English settled along the eastern seaboard in Georgia and the Carolinas. The French controlled Louisiana in the South and, to the far North, Acadia and Northeast Canada, where the Cherokee, Catawba, Creek, Choctaw and Chickasaw Indians lived. Don't steal this paper. The region in between th... ... Braddock was killed. George Washington escaped unharmed and led the survivors in retreat. Later, he would lead his men in a battle with heir own mother country with his strong leadership skills. The French-Indian war ended on September 8, 1760. The war ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris on February 10, 1763, which resulted in France's loss of all its North American possessions east of the Mississippi River, excluding New Orleans. The war was one that brought an enormous amount of change to the colonies and their owners and left a trail of debt for France and England to take care of. However, the war would be a spark for changes later on in the colonies' history. The whole war changed the way the current king, King George III, would view Britain’s colonies. He would give taxes, not only for the sake of war debt, but for increased defense for the colonies.

Credibility and Impact

The internet has allowed American's to be able to gather information from the comfort of their own home. The internet has reshaped the political landscape because the internet spreades information fast, so they can react fast. The availability of information on the internet has affected how people view politicans and politics as a whole. The internet enables americans who want to be more involved in political process. The internet benefits politicans directly, their are alot of tools politicans can use to communicate with voters: email, blog, twitter, podcast. Politics have changed due to the internet is now lightning speed. They can react quickly to whats happening in the world. The internet could enables bloggers and commenteres to be salacious, rude and vulgar. But overall the internet allows politicans to see much more deeply into American psyche. Internet allows people to feeling through blogs just like if they was in a town hall meeting face to face. Conclusion: I never have used the internet has a great source but after doing research for the Senator I have more faith in our internet just have to double check your sources. I Hope you can start to access the web more on topics you would like to learn about.

Reflective Log on Safeguarding

During your induction we discussed the importance of reflection, and ways in which this can be done. Below are some key questions you should consider after undertaking a training session You are expected to complete a reflective log following each of the workshops you attend. This will be used as evidence towards your qualification so the more detail you include the more criteria you will cover. Key questions to think about? Why did you choose to attend the workshop? Safeguarding is one of the most basic and the most important thing that effects the working of any setting.This course was an eye opener to me in various aspects and I Lana to attend more of these to touch up on what I have learnt. What did you hope to learn from attending the workshop? To gain insight into the guidelines, policies, procedures for safeguarding chiders and young people. To know how to respond to evidence of concerns where a child or young person may be abused. Did the workshop meet your expectations? Yes. It was very informative and touched on lots of Issues. Was there anything that you didn't understand or need further guidance with? Not much. In depth or more detailed will help. But this was Just a one day workshop.What have you learnt from attending the workshop? How to respond In case of abuse or harmful evidence surrounding children, The various policies , procedures and guidelines on safeguarding. Understood the importance of working In Ana environment where communication has to be very effective. And to work In partnership with various other organizations which regard to children safety. How have you cascaded your learning to your team? Yes. How has the workshop Impacted on your practice? I am more vigilant and I am more confident as I know what to do and what can be done. How has your learning benefited your setting?Being a volunteer I did not have much knowledge of basics. I am now more confident and I know I can rely on my team to support me whenever need arise.. Where wil l you go next? Do you need further Information/training? A regular touch up on the course would be beneficial. Please give examples wherever possible to support your reflections. I now know about the LESS. The context of mute agency working. The signs/ forms and effects of abuse. WHat to look out for. Indemnifying the delftware kinds of abuse psychological, emotional, physiochemical and financial. Reflective Log on Safeguarding By vaudevillian's Yes.It was very informative and touched on lots of issues. Was there anything that How to respond in case of abuse or harmful evidence surrounding children, The importance of working in Ana environment where communication has to be very effective. And to work in partnership with various other organizations which regard to How has the workshop impacted on your practice? You go next? Do you need further information/training? A regular touch up on the The context of mute agency working. The signs/ forms and effects of abuse. WHat to look out fo r. Indemnifying the different kinds of abuse psychological, emotional, physiochemical and financial.

Effect of Import Liberalization on Industrial Productivity

Effect of Import Liberalization on Industrial Productivity Free Online Research Papers There are reasons to expect a favorable effect of import liberalization on industrial productivity. This is expected to occur through several channels: (a) Import liberalization will provide to industrial firms greater and cheaper access to imported capital goods and intermediate goods (embodying advanced technology), which will enable the firms improve their productivity performance; (b) Greater availability of imported intermediate goods will enable the firms to exploit better the productivity enhancing potential of imported technology; (c) The increased competitive pressure on industrial units in a liberalized import regime will force them to be more efficient in the use of resources (which can be achieved through better organization of production, improved managerial efficiency, more effective utilization of labour, better capacity utilization, etc.); (d) The increased competitive pressure coupled with expanded opportunities for importing technology and capital goods will bring greater technological dynamism in industrial firms; (e) As the competitive business environment forces inefficient firms to close down, the average level of efficiency of various industries should improve; (f) Greater access to imported inputs and a more realistic exchange rate associated with a liberalized trade regime would enable industrial firms compete more effectively in export markets. This would allow them to increase their sales and reap economies of scale with concomitant gains in productivity. Evidently, there are persuasive theoretical arguments for contemplating a positive effect of import liberalization on industrial productivity. However, this view or hypothesis does not have a strong empirical support. There have been a number of empirical studies for developing countries, including the countries of Asia, in which econometric models have been estimated to assess the effect of import liberalization on industrial productivity. Some of them have found a significant favourable effect of import liberalization on industrial productivity. But, some have found no significant effect, while some others have found an adverse effect of import liberalization on industrial productivity. Thus, on the whole, the empirical evidence on the relationship between import liberalization and industrial productivity in developing countries is mixed and no definite conclusion can be drawn. As regards Indian industry, there are two recent studies, which have examined the effect of economic refo rms on industrial productivity. These are by Krishna and Mitra (1998) and Balakrishnan, Pushpangadan and Suresh Babu (2000). Both studies have used firm- level data taken from Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) database. Also, there is similarity in the method of econometric analysis applied in the two studies. But, the studies come up with conflicting results. Krishna and Mitra find evidence of a significant favourable effect of reforms on indus trial productivity. Balakrishanan et al., on the other hand, find an adverse effect of economic reforms on industrial productivity. One serious limitation of both studies is that they have not used explicit trade liberalization variables in the econometric model estimated. Rather, a dummy variable approach has been taken to distinguish between the pre- and post-reform periods. This study differs from the studies undertaken by Krishna and Mitra (1998) and Balakrishnan, et al. (2000) in several respects. The analysis of productivity is undertaken at the industry- level rather than at the firm- level. The source of data is also different.More important, an attempt is made here to incorporate explicitly variables representing trade liberalization in the econometric model estimated. Research Papers on Effect of Import Liberalization on Industrial ProductivityDefinition of Export QuotasPETSTEL analysis of IndiaAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaResearch Process Part OneTwilight of the UAWIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenOpen Architechture a white paperThe Project Managment Office System

Ap US History Chapter 18 Vocabulary Essay Example

Ap US History Chapter 18 Vocabulary Essay Example Ap US History Chapter 18 Vocabulary Essay Ap US History Chapter 18 Vocabulary Essay Whig candidate, wins presidency in 1848 Whig Platform dodged troublesome issues, extolled virtues of candidate Free Soil Party platform for Wilmot Proviso, against lavery in territories, for federal aid, free government homesteads for settlers Gold fever Sutters Mill 1848 discovery of gold caused influx of thousands to California, applied for statehood; slavery issue 1849 California applied for statehoods South responded with opposition because it would enter as a free state Sectional balance admission of California would create imbalance toward free states Underground Railroad chain of antislavery homes through which runaway slaves transported from slave states to Canada Harriet Tubman most famous runaway slave, rescued more than 300 slaves; Moses Henry Clay Great Pacificator r Great Compromiser proposed a series of compromises, make concessions for both North and South Senator Stephen Douglas Little Giant 37, helped Clay Senator John C. Calhoun Great Nullifier, cham pioned the South in his last formal speech Daniel Webster upholded Clays compromise measures; urged reasonable concessions to South including new fugitive slave law William H. Seward against concessions, argued that legislature must obey higher law than the Constitution Millard Fillmore took over presidency after Taylor died in office; was vice president Compromise of 1850 California entered as a free state, New Mexico/Utah open to opular sovereignty; Texas lost land and was paid $10 million, Washington D. C. ould stop slave trade, new fugitive slave law Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 Bloodhound Bill slaves could not testify in their own behalf, denied Jury trial, opposed because could set dangerous precedent; caused many Northerners to Join antislavery ranks Norths response to the law many moderates driven into antislavery groups, Underground Railroad accelerated Election of 1852 Franklin Pierce, dark-horse candidate, won; Whig candidate = Winfield Scott Old Fuss and Feathers W hig Party had split in 1852; antislavery Whigs accepted Scott but despised latform which endorsed Fugitive Slave Law Franklin Pierce compliant, cabinet included aggressive southerners Jefferson Davis secretary of war under Pierce, future president of Confederacy William Walker tried to grab control of Nicaragua and legalize slavery; overthrown, killed Clayton-Bulwer Treaty of 1850 stipulated that neither America nor Britain would fortify or secure exclusive control over waterway; impeded progress towards canal later on Commodore Matthew Perry and Gunboat Diplomacy Japan had become isolationist; Perry commanded fleet that rrived and forced Japan to open trade with US Black Warrior Spanish officials seized an American steamer; diplomatic crisis, Pierces time to provoke war with] Spain and seize Cuba Ostend Manitesto top-secret dispatch that urged administration offer to buy Cuba, or else war; news leaked out, withdrawn James Gadsden Gadsden Purchase bought a chunk of Mexico f rom Santa Anna who was back in power Kansas-Nebraska Act by Stephen A. Douglas; opened Nebraska Territory to popular sovereignty; required repeal of Missouri Compromise; intolerable to many Northerners Proposed Union Pacific Railroad two places from California to Chicago

Biography of Andrew Jackson, 7th U.S. President

Biography of Andrew Jackson, 7th U.S. President Andrew Jackson (March 15, 1767–June 8, 1845 and known as Old Hickory), was the son of Irish immigrants and a soldier, a lawyer, and a legislator who became the seventh president of the United States. Known as the first citizen-president, Jackson was the first non-elite man to hold the office. Fast Facts: Andrew Jackson Known For: 7th U.S. President (1829–1837)Born: March 15, 1767 near Twelve Mile Creek on the border between North and South CarolinaParents: Irish immigrants Andrew Jackson and his wife Elizabeth Hutchinson  Died: June 8, 1845 in The Hermitage, Nashville, TennesseeSpouse: Rachel DonelsonAdopted Children: Andrew Jackson, Jr., Lyncoya, and Andrew Jackson Hutchings Early Life Andrew Jackson was born on March 15, 1767, in the Waxhaw community on Twelve Mile Creek on the border of North and South Carolina. He was the third child, and the first one born in the Americas, of his Irish immigrant parents, linen weavers Andrew and Elizabeth Hutchinson Jackson. His father died unexpectedly before he was born- some stories say he was crushed by a falling tree- and his mother raised he and his two brothers by herself. The Waxhaw community was made up of Scots-Irish settlers and five of Elizabeths married sisters lived nearby, so Elizabeth and her sons moved in with her sister Janes husband James Crawford, and she helped raise Janes eight children. All three of the Jackson boys took part in the American Revolution. Andrews older brother Hugh died of exposure after the Battle of Stono Ferry in 1779. Robert and Andrew witnessed the Battle of Hanging Rock and were captured by the British, catching smallpox while in Camden jail. Learning of their capture, Elizabeth made the trip to Camden and arranged for their release in exchange for some captured British soldiers. Robert died and while Andrew laid in a delirium, Elizabeth went to visit quarantined Waxhaw community members on board a ship in Charleston harbor. She contracted cholera and died. Andrew returned to Waxhaw but no longer got along with his relatives. He was a bit wild, burned through an inheritance, and then left Waxhaw for Salisbury, North Carolina in 1784. There, he studied law with other attorneys and qualified for the bar in 1787. He was appointed public prosecutor in middle Tennessee in 1788, and on the way there, fought his first duel and bought his first slave, a woman not much older than himself. Marriage and Family Jackson became a leading citizen in Nashville and married Rachel Donelson in 1791, who had previously been married. In 1793, the couple learned that her divorce was not yet final, so they repeated their vows again. The charge of bigamy would come to haunt them while Jackson was campaigning for president, and he blamed his opponents for causing the stress leading to her death in 1828. Together the Jacksons had no children, but they adopted three: Andrew Jackson Jr. (the son of Rachels brother Severn Donelson), Lyncoya (1811–1828), a Creek Indian orphan adopted by Jackson after the Battle of Tallushatchee, and Andrew Jackson Hutchings (1812–1841), the grandson of Rachels sister. The couple also took guardianship of several other related and unrelated children, some of whom only lived with them a short while. Legal and Military Career Andrew Jackson was a lawyer in North Carolina and then Tennessee. In 1796, he served at the convention that created the Tennessee Constitution. He was elected in 1796 as Tennessees first U.S. representative and then as a U.S. senator in 1797, from which he resigned after eight months. From 1798–1804, he was a justice on the Tennessee Supreme Court. During his period as a justice, he managed his credit, bought slaves and a new parcel of land, and built The Hermitage, where he would live for most of his life. During the War of 1812, Jackson served as the major general of the Tennessee Volunteers. He led his troops to victory in March 1814 against the Creek Indians at Horseshoe Bend. In May 1814 he was made major general of the Army, and on January 8, 1815, he defeated the British in New Orleans for which he was lauded as a war hero. Jackson also served in the 1st Seminole War (1817–1819), during which he overthrew the Spanish governor in Florida. After serving in the military and being the military governor of Florida in 1821, Jackson served in the Senate again from 1823–1825. Running for President In 1824, Jackson ran for president against John Quincy Adams. He won the popular vote but the lack of an electoral majority resulted in the election for Adams being decided in the House. The choice of Adams was popularly known as the corrupt bargain, an undercover deal giving the office to Adams in exchange for Henry Clay becoming secretary of state. The backlash from this election split the Democratic-Republican Party in two. The new Democratic party renominated Jackson to run for president in 1825, three years before the next election, with John C. Calhoun as his running mate. Jackson and Calhoun ran against incumbent John Quincy Adams of the new National Republican Party, a campaign that was less about issues and more about the candidates themselves: the election was characterized as the triumph of the common man over the elites. Jackson became the seventh U.S. president with 54 percent of the popular vote and 178 out of 261 electoral votes. The 1832 presidential election was the first to use National Party Conventions. Jackson ran again as the incumbent with Martin Van Buren as his running mate. His opponent was Henry Clay, whose ticket included vice presidential nominee John Sergeant. The main campaign issue was the Bank of the United States, Jacksons use of the spoils system, and his use of the veto. Jackson was called King Andrew I by his opposition, but he still won 55 percent of the popular vote and 219 out of 286 electoral votes. Events and Accomplishments Jackson was an active executive who vetoed more bills than all previous presidents. He believed in rewarding loyalty and appealing to the masses. He relied on an informal group of advisors called the Kitchen Cabinet to set policy instead of his real cabinet. During Jacksons presidency, sectional issues began to arise. Many southern states, upset over tariffs, wished to preserve states rights to overrule the federal government and when Jackson signed a moderate tariff in 1932, South Carolina felt it had the right through nullification (the belief that a state could rule something unconstitutional) to ignore it. Jackson stood strong against South Carolina, ready to use the military if necessary to enforce the tariff. In 1833, a compromise tariff was enacted that helped mollify the sectional differences for a time. In 1832, Jackson vetoed the Second Bank of the United States charter. He believed the government could not constitutionally create such a bank and that it favored the wealthy over the common people. This action led to federal money being put into state banks, which then loaned it out freely, leading to inflation. Jackson stopped the easy credit by requiring all land purchases to be made in gold or silver- a decision that would have consequences in 1837. Jackson supported Georgias expulsion of the Indians from their land to reservations in the west. He used the Indian Removal Act of 1830 to force them to move, even discounting the Supreme Court ruling in Worcester v. Georgia (1832) that said they could not be forced to move. From 1838–1839, troops led over 15,000 Cherokees from Georgia in a devastating march called the Trail of Tears. Jackson survived an assassination attempt in 1835 when the two derringers pointed at him didnt fire. The gunman, Richard Lawrence, was found not guilty of the attempt by reason of insanity. Death and Legacy Andrew Jackson returned to his home, the Hermitage, near Nashville, Tennessee. He stayed active politically until his death there on June 8, 1845. Andrew Jackson is considered by some as one of the United States greatest presidents. He was the first citizen-president representing the common man who believed strongly in preserving the union and in keeping too much power out of the hands of the wealthy. He was also the first president to truly embrace the powers of the presidency. Sources Cheathem, Mark. Andrew Jackson, Southerner. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press (2013).Remini, Robert V. Andrew Jackson and the Course of American Empire, 1767–1821. New York: Harper Row (1979).Andrew Jackson and the Course of American Freedom, 1822–1832. New York: Harper Row (1981).Andrew Jackson and the Course of American Democracy, 1833–1845. New York: Harper Row (1984).Wilentz, Sean. Andrew Jackson: The Seventh President, 1829–1837. New York: Henry Holt (2005).

Managerial Decision Making Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managerial Decision Making - Research Paper Example cognize the importance of ethical conduct in its regular business practices and has initiated policies to assure that the organization conducts and manages its business in an ethical manner. Right at the start of 2014, the management at Wells Fargo initiated an internal ethical review spanning over the next 2 years (Reckard, 2013). To conduct this internal ethical review the organization did contrive an Ethics Program Office (Reckard, 2013). The primary objective of this review was envisioned to be to examine in detail the business conduct guidelines underlying Well Fargo’s more than 80 business lines, which pertain to the issues and problems like insider trading, the conflict of interest and receiving and giving gifts. This ethical review is a self initiated effort initiated by the management at Wells Fargo, aimed at suggesting recommendations for bolstering the ethical practices and conduct within the organization. It is a known fact that in the past two years, Wells Fargo has accrued much criticism for subjecting its employees to unreasonable sales pressure that not only makes the employees engage in unethical business practices, but has also accrued much criticism and complaints from the customers and business watch experts (Reckard, 2013). Many of the former Wells Fargo employees have acknowledged and confessed that the organization does subject them to unethical sales pressure that makes them engage in unethical practices like selling multiple accounts to same customers, and charging the customers for an array of ad on services that they actually do not need. These unethical practices have not only jeopardized the employee morale, but have also led to much harassment and overcharging of the customers. It is a fact that the internal ethical review initiated by Wells Fargo in January 2014 did ensue from such ethics associated complaints and media coverage. However, the thing is that instead of approaching the issue on a piecemeal basis, the management at

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT - Essay Example Infomedia also considers itself as an interest publishing organization. Their strategic alliance’s formation occurred in April, 2008. The two companies sought to provide the Small, Medium Enterprises (SMEs) with quality solutions directed towards the advancement of both domestic and global trade (Das 34). Introduction Managers in most organizations are adopting strategic alliance as a way of realizing their strategies instead of retaining the old strategic make and sell strategy initially used. By definition, a strategic alliance is a relationship formed because of the availability of mutual interests between groups of interdependent organizations. These relationships last for as long as they prove to be economically viable (Das 67). In the case of Alibaba and Infomedia, both companies realized the potential benefits of supplying the SMEs with quality solutions, which pave the way for further advancement in both the domestic and global trade sectors (Yoshino and Rangan 76). .. . Alibaba, a company, which has an established presence in e-commerce, stood to benefit from the alliance by realizing some of its expansion strategies. Alibaba’s choice to form an alliance with Infomedia, a respectable Indian based company guaranteed Alibaba a successful entry into the Indian market. On the other hand, Infomedia stood to benefit from the access into the global mainframe, a niche successfully occupied by Alibaba. Targeting the small and medium enterprises proved to be a successful strategy. This is because both Indian and Chinese business sectors comprise these businesses in large numbers. Therefore, both management teams were able to come up with strategic goals that would ensure an efficient and effective way of dealing with their competitive surroundings. The different areas analyzed in order to determine whether both companies fit included strategic, cultural, resource, and structural aspects. The realization that these companies proved to be compatible on a strategic, cultural, resources and structural level showed that two were a match and that they formed a perfect fit (Das 116). b) Type of strategic alliance Determining the strategic alliance suitable for both the organizations also proved to be an integral part for both organizations. Companies choose between horizontal and vertical types of strategic alliance. The horizontal type allows competing businesses to form an alliance that will allow each partner to gain access to various segments in the industry. Horizontal strategic alliances allow partners to learn from each other, reduce the risks, and improve efficiency. On the other hand, vertical strategic alliances involve the partnering of one or more suppliers or customers. They create extra value for the

Effects of Mass Media Violence on Violent Behavior Research Paper

Effects of Mass Media Violence on Violent Behavior - Research Paper Example Therefore, a foundation must be established on which the arguments of both sides can be viewed impartially, and through which we can reach a valid understanding of the issue of mass-media violence. What makes this difficult is that the criteria of judgment for the question is political, based on the vision or ideal of society that one wants to see manifest. To illustrate this, it is important to start with the opposite, teachers of non-violence such as the Dalai Lama, Mahatma Gandhi, Nelson Mandela, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., etc. and consider what their ideals of a non-violent society are, as well as why they consider violence so fundamental to be opposed. For example, if we judge the question of mass-media violence against the goals of Satyagraha as taught by Mahatma Gandhi, and the vision of society he sought to develop, we might have a very different conclusion than if we judge the question by the values of Bush, Cheney, and the administration that led the United States to war & torture in Iraq and Afghanistan. To reduce this division further, a society that commands the world’s largest military, has over 800 foreign military bases, and is conducting wars on multiple battlefronts might not only have a different goal as a society than a country like Tibet, once a Buddhist kingdom with thousands of monasteries ruled by a reincarnate monk, but the societies might also have very different actual perceptions of what violence is, and tolerance to it. Jains in the ancient world were renowned for sweeping the road in front of themselves when walking and wearing masks to insure that they did not injure any insect while traveling or breathing. A society based on this level of sensitivity to violence may view mass-media imagery of violent behavior in a very different way to our society that has been desensitized to it for years. Thus, we must approach this as

The Effect of Rising Sea Levels on Global Coasts Essay

The Effect of Rising Sea Levels on Global Coasts - Essay Example Hence, the additional burden of climate change on these resources is a matter of concern. The rise in sea level is correlated with a global rise in temperature. The geographical impacts of rising sea levels include the flooding of major coastlines, changes caused to the coral reefs and marine life, the effects on wetlands, marshlands and tidal inlets, the outcomes on hurricanes and other occurrences, and changes in the chemical composition of oceans. The future effects of global warming on ice-bound polar regions may result in increasing rises in sea levels. The purpose of this paper is to determine the various geographical effects of rising sea levels on global coasts. The ways in which these will impact on mankind will be discussed, and the measures to reduce the adverse effects will be identified. Research evidence points to a discernible effect on the earth’s climate caused by greenhouse gases which emerge mainly from anthropogenic or human activities. These effects are intensifying in the 21st century with various climatic effects including a higher rate of global sea level rise (Warrick et al: 257). Wthin 30 kilometers of the coastline, 21% of the world’s population already lives and these populations are growing at twice the global average (Nicholls et al: S69). The potential impacts of sea-level rise are being assessed, in order to formulate policies and implement appropriate remedial measures. Major changes in sea level have occurred over the centuries, which is evident from eroded landforms such as cliffs, depositional features such as coral reefs, biological indicators such as organisms whose fossils indicate the position of the old shoreline, archaelogical remains such as submerged dwellings or ports, and historical documents and records (Haslett: 128). Unlike other forms of climate change, increasing rise in sea-level is already a global problem. Rising sea levels can directly submerge low-lying wetland and dryland

UNICEF Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

UNICEF - Essay Example focuses its programs on: Child Survival and Development; Basic Education and Gender Equality; HIV/ AIDS and Children; Child Protection; and, Policy Advocacy and Partnerships. With the cooperation of its world wide partners and members, including governments and non-government agencies, it is able to implement its programs for children all over the world. This being so, it has 191 country based offices and innumerable chapters. Chapters or groups can be organized with the purpose of furthering the UNICEF goals and primarily act as fund raisers. Generally, there are no requirements for membership. In fact, one can just sign in at the UNICEF Website (www.unicef.org) and become a member. But some chapters require additional requirements to ensure that its members understand the goals of the organization. The University of Pennsylvania for one requires a person to attend five meetings before he is allowed to join their UNICEF Chapter. The University of Houston allows immediate membership provided that one pays the $10.00 annual fee forming part of their fund to be turned over to the UNICEF. Donations for the continued support of UNICEF Programs can be directly sent to any UNICEF Office. Membership is important. It allows you to give donations to help fund UNICEF programs. It also helps in showing support to UNICEF and its programs. Your show of support and being counted as a member gives power to UNICEF and for what it stands for. As a member one can avail of the overflowing gratitude and smiles of children that have benefitted and continue to benefit from UNICEF Programs which you can view at the UNICEF Website. These are far more valuable than money. It brings so much happiness and joy to each member. For me it truly out-weights gold. UNICEF has been engaged in so many successful projects. Out of these so many projects, one that I really appreciate and give support to is the â€Å"Unite for Children, Unite for Aids† program. This program initiated

Project Scope Management , Individual Assignment

Project Scope Management , Individual - Assignment Example More importantly, the significance of following an incorporated change control procedure on projects lays in making effective decisions and also dealing with project constraints in an effective manner. The team roles of Belbin and the conception of team role mapping facilitate in making better interaction with the individuals, resulting in better utilisation of available resources and attain predetermined project targets among others. These notions are deemed to play an indispensable role in the phase of project execution. Burj Khalifa within Dubai, UAE is acknowledged as the tallest sky scraper in this contemporary world. The building has a height of approximately 829.8 meters and is used for commercial business purpose. The staring phase of this skyscraper began during the end of the year 2004 and continued until the year 2009 (Baker, 2009). The engineering structure of this building has been designed in a sophistic manner with the prime intention of encompassing the surrounding gulf locality of Dubai, which itself gets categorised as an attractive sightseeing. Apart from just being concentrated on its design and niceness, Burj Khalifa also projects itself as a reference model of Islamic architecture, which is highly tended towards environmental safeguard and sustainability aspects (Baker, 2009). The scope planning of Burj Khalifa specifically focuses upon the project deliverables that can be achieved from smooth completion of the project. However, the project witnessed high level of distortion within the Project Scope planning phase that eventually destabilized the overall accomplishment of this massive project. For instance, specific amount of deviation occurred within the project scope planning stage such as ‘project cost planning’, ‘risk management planning’, ‘clear problem description’, ‘project milestone planning’ and ‘root cause components’ that eventually caused a huge increase in the cost factor associated with

UNICEF Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

UNICEF - Essay Example focuses its programs on: Child Survival and Development; Basic Education and Gender Equality; HIV/ AIDS and Children; Child Protection; and, Policy Advocacy and Partnerships. With the cooperation of its world wide partners and members, including governments and non-government agencies, it is able to implement its programs for children all over the world. This being so, it has 191 country based offices and innumerable chapters. Chapters or groups can be organized with the purpose of furthering the UNICEF goals and primarily act as fund raisers. Generally, there are no requirements for membership. In fact, one can just sign in at the UNICEF Website (www.unicef.org) and become a member. But some chapters require additional requirements to ensure that its members understand the goals of the organization. The University of Pennsylvania for one requires a person to attend five meetings before he is allowed to join their UNICEF Chapter. The University of Houston allows immediate membership provided that one pays the $10.00 annual fee forming part of their fund to be turned over to the UNICEF. Donations for the continued support of UNICEF Programs can be directly sent to any UNICEF Office. Membership is important. It allows you to give donations to help fund UNICEF programs. It also helps in showing support to UNICEF and its programs. Your show of support and being counted as a member gives power to UNICEF and for what it stands for. As a member one can avail of the overflowing gratitude and smiles of children that have benefitted and continue to benefit from UNICEF Programs which you can view at the UNICEF Website. These are far more valuable than money. It brings so much happiness and joy to each member. For me it truly out-weights gold. UNICEF has been engaged in so many successful projects. Out of these so many projects, one that I really appreciate and give support to is the â€Å"Unite for Children, Unite for Aids† program. This program initiated

Vaccinations Vs Autism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Vaccinations Vs Autism - Essay Example Actually, these kinds of cases cannot fail to promote cognitive dissonance because they only take place at crucial age after children have received vaccination. Conspiracy theories Information concerning vaccination has been highly flawed thus bringing lots of issues. Information presented to the public was just part of the issue of vaccination that involved presence of mercury in the MMR. These arguments about autism were provoked by the fact that mercury content in the MMR vaccine was a major cause of autism and other related disorders. It seems that many people are especially the public are against scientific proposal of use of vaccination as a preventive measure in controlling diseases such as measles and polio. This universal disagreement with the scientific proposal may suggest that the medical experts are involved in major conspiracy to lie to the world. According to Haydn and Cook (2010), â€Å"If one disagrees with a view held by the great majority of the world's scientists , the most common response is to assume all those scientists are involved in a vast conspiracy to deceive† (43-45). This has made many scientists to be engaged in various investigations and tests to prove or disapprove the disturbing conspiracy in their field of study. Fake Experts Many people assert that scientists are not in agreement when it comes to the relationship between vaccination and autism. Some of the statements however, have been made by scientists such as Burton yet they are fake and misleading. Many people who claim to be scientists yet they are not such as Carrey and other celebrities have come out to condemn vaccination by claiming that it causes autism. According to Haydn and Cook (2010), â€Å"The challenge, rather, appears to be how to effectively communicate this fact to policymakers and to a public that continues to mistakenly perceive† (45-47). I believe that issues concerning health should be addressed by the real experts and professionals in tho se particular areas of concern. Not all experts and scientists understand what vaccination and autism is all about and therefore should not address the issue. It is indeed hard to convince politicians and the public that vaccination does not cause autism since the opposite have been communicated to the same people by people claiming to be experts. Cherry Picking Peoples’ opinions and ideas about autism have brought major concern thus pushing scientists to carry out investigations that is aimed at testing the claims. The proof that autism is not caused by vaccination has been disapproved via many scientists consensus that even the mercury content in the vaccine do not cause autism. Scientists also proved that children develop autism at different ages after vaccination thus showing clearly that vaccination causes autism. Deniers such as Burtons have instead come up with claims that only support part of the all issue by claiming that a child developed autism immediately he was v accinated. According to Haydn and Cook (2010), â€Å"Deniers often focus on narrow pieces of data while ignoring other evidence that does not support their viewpoint†(51-53). Other people have also used cherry picking by claiming that mercury content is responsible for autism among the children. There are also other claims that the number of vaccinations has increased thus causing the rise of autism. According

Aging and Disability Worksheet Essay Example for Free

Aging and Disability Worksheet Essay Identify 2 or 3 issues faced by the aging population. 1 Unequal treatment in employment Poverty 2 Face prejudice and discrimination Ageism 3 Face isolation – Elderly Abuse What is ageism? How does ageism influence the presence of diversity in society? Ageism is the practice of prejudice of discrimination to the elderly. The way that ageism influences the presence of diversity in society is by robbing them of their of their choices, independence and treating them with disrespect. Also by treating them as if they are unable to handle things for themselves as if they have reverted back to an infantile stage. It should be noted that the elderly have a lot of knowledge and wisdom to bring to the table and are able to do the same if not more than society gives them credit for. Society also views elderly people as sickly, frail and unable to take care of themselves. What is the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)? How does the ADA address issues for the aging population? The ADA is a civil rights law that was enacted in 1990 and that prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities. This law addresses the issues for the aging population by protecting anyone that is 40+ from being fired or from employment discrimination. It is designed to protect the aging and/or elderly from being passed over for a promotion or raise, however, it is difficult. This law does in fact protect against being fired, however, it does not do anything for helping obtain employment because of your age. This law was definitely designed to protect the elderly or aging, and in short does help to some degree, however, I personally believe that there is more that can be done to protect the aging or elderly a little more than they are. What is being done to address the issues you identified? There are political organizations that have been established for the elderly. One of those organizations is the Older Women’s League (OWL), which was founded in 1980. Then there is the largest organization is the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP), which was founded in 1958. These organizations were founded for the sole purpose of helping the elderly and aging with finding discounts for health insurance, nursing home reform, pension reform, social security benefits and a muriad of other resourses for the aging and the elderly. The AAPR represents 1 in every 4 registered voters in the Untied States. (AARP 2003) Is the number of aging population expected to rise in numbers or decrease? The number of aging population is expected to rise in numbers. According to the Bureau of Census 2008c, the population of baby boomers What types of legislation may or may not be affected by the aging population? How does poverty affect the aging population? Part II Answer the following questions in 100 to 200 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use. What does the ADA provide for people with disabilities? How have people with disabilities been treated in the past? How has the attitude toward people with disabilities changed over time? What are some unique circumstances or issues encountered by people with disabilities? What is being done to address those issues? What types of legislation have been introduced to address issues faced by people with disabilities? References: http://www.alfa.org/ Racial and Ethnic Groups, Thirteenth edition, by Richard T. Schaefer. Published by Merrill Prentice Hall. Copyright  © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. American Disabilities Act National Nedwork, Information, Guidance, and Training on the American with Disability Act /adata.org/

Beatrice in Dantes Divine Comedy Essay -- Divine Comedy Inferno Essay

Beatrice in Dante's Divine Comedy      Ã‚  Ã‚   How many people spend their whole life in love with a person they met only once when they were nine years old? Dante Alighieri, born in 1265, had only one meeting with Beatrice Portinari in 1274, making him only nine years old. By Dante's own account this was the most important event of his youth (Alighieri). When she passed away in 1290 Dante was about 25 and overcome with grief (Barbi 6). If Dante hadn't met Beatrice much of his work would have never been written. When he met the Florentine gentlewoman, she made a deep impression on his feelings. In the Inferno Beatrice symbolizes blessedness or salvation, and Dante always called her by her full name to indicate that she brought happiness to whoever looked upon her. All evidence shows she was the daughter of Folco Portinari, and later, the wife of Simone die Bardi. Dante expressed his love for her in his poetry and believed she was "the guide of his thoughts and emotions toward that ideal perfection which is the goal of every noble mind" (Barbi 6). Other poets of the time wrote about the cruelty of women and demanded pity.    Dante exalted or glorified Beatrice as a miracle of courtesy and virtue sent to earth by God for the welfare of himself, and for those who would appreciate her qualities. Because of such exultation Dante believed that Beatrice would not stay long in the earthly life, and in June 1290 she died. This caused intense contemplation of her in the glory of heaven (Barbi 6). Dante was married shortly after the first anniversary of Beatrice's death. However, her memory came back and he felt horrible f... ....    Dante Alighieri met the love of his life when he was only nine years old, but never stopped loving her. She passed away when he was about 25 and Dante was never the same. After 16 years his love for her never faded, even though both had married. Even right before his death Dante still wrote about Beatrice and held her in the highest regard. Beatrice inspired his work and gave it meaning.    Works Cited Alighieri, Dante. "The Inferno." The Norton Anthology World Masterpieces Expanded Edition vol. 1. Ed. Maynard Mack. W.W. Norton & Co. Inc. 1995. 1693-1828. Alighieri, Dante. Microsoft Encarta 98 Encyclopedia. CD-ROM. Microsoft Corporation,1993-1997. Barbi, Michele. Life of Dante. London: Cambridge University. 1954. "Knights, Ladies and Constant Heartache." Discovery Online. 3/14/04.www.discovery.com.   

Why Do The Terrorists Hate Us? :: Terrorists, Terrorism

"We have met the enemy and he is us." -- Walt Kelly   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some politicians view ISIS as a snake and â€Å"If you cut of the head of the snake the rest will wither.† I view ISIS as more of a hydra than a snake, in that cutting one head off will only cause another to grow in its place. And while destroying ISIS would be welcomed by the American people it would hardly be the end of our problems. That action would just inspire more religious fanatics. They also love martyrs; it would only had fuel to the fire.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Why do they hate us? What is the reason for thousands of lost lives and millions of dollars in destruction? It can be broken down into 5 different reasons. Wealth, Power, viewed as the world police, our freedoms, and our Middle East policy. Why should hate be put upon a country with wealth? Success is a short step to wealth and with that comes jealousy. In our economic development we have worked with a small frame growth, in that, we use the economy to work for us and rarely include other countries. If we showed other third world counties to develop an economic system, like we did to China, they would also enjoy the feeling of wealth. With that though would come completion to America? Our power is hated. Our power in the military, our power in the culture we have and our power in the economy we use. This is the main reason we are hated. We are seen as a goliath that bosses around other countries, taking out governments we don’t like and putting others in. We did that to Iran, Saudi Arabia, Chilly and Panama. We pulled out of the Keocto proto call because it was not in our economy frame. We are seen as a country that only thinks about our self’s and has no concern for other countries. Our freedom to talk, dress, act, and worship as we please is seen in some areas of the Middle East as a weakness. We are â€Å"ungodly† and our women are viewed as sluts. We are considered a great Satan of the world. Our fore fathers died to make this country free of religious percussion and fought on the idea of freedom. These deaths and ideals are falling on deaf ears in parts of the Middle East.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Our Middle East policy is viewed as one sided.

“Leaders of our Society: Are they born or made?” Essay

The issue about leadership has always been a topic in conversation, specifically the concern about leaders being â€Å"born or made†. People often talk and argue about this issue, because we have different points of view regarding this. And it is also because the concept of a leader and leadership is important to people. As discussed in the ‘psychology of leadership’ (http://www. leadersdirect. com), leaders are important to people probably due to the following reasons: we feel the need of someone to look up to when we feel lost or anxious, when things fail or do not go as planned we seek to blame the leaders, we look at leaders like our fathers who look after us, gives us inspiration and makes us feel good, and we seek for their approval. This are some of the reasons why see leaders important in our society, and because of this reasons we always seek the answer to the question: Are leaders born or made? Some leadership theories would argue that leaders are born not made. The ‘Great Man† theories assumes that the leadership capacity of a person is inherent (Kendra Van Wagner, About. com). These theories view leadership as a heroic and mythic concept and that the born leaders assume the position when needed by the people. Similar to the great man theories the â€Å"Trait† theories also assume that leaders possess certain trait or qualities needed to be one. But one problem that theorists see about the trait theories is that it has identified the characteristics that leaders have and the question about this is â€Å"how about the people possessing the characteristics but are not leaders? † (Kendra Van Wagner, About. com). Other theories such as the â€Å"Behavioral theories†, on the other hand, suggest that great leaders are made and not born. This type of theories discusses that through education people can learn to be leaders. According to Wagner in Leadership Theories – 8 Major Leadership Theories, (About. com), behavioral leadership theories focus on the actions of great leaders and not on mental qualities of these people. Today the issue of leaders being born or made is not as essential in shaping our views for us to be able to tell who the leaders are and who are not. It is not important who had leadership abilities since birth and who learned being a leader from experience, what’s important is that these leaders exist and take on the responsibility to step up and lead people. If we come to think of it, a more logical perspective would be, leaders are sort of born and made. One thing that a future leader probably needs to born with is the intelligence (Block, 2006). In order to be fit as a person who will take this responsibility one has to be smart enough. Leaders are expected to have that special skill and ability to do what they are assigned and to understand the areas where they need to improve in as well as the capacity to think of how he or she will be effective given different situations. People who would become great leaders are also expected to be able to recognize learning as an important factor in shaping one’s leadership abilities. Furthermore, leaders are also made in the sense that they constantly learn things in the process. Being born with the skill is important but still eighty percent of their leaders’ skills is acquired from learning experience. They improve their craft through using feedbacks from his or her environment, and also through seeking more training where they can acquire additional skills and knowledge on what they do. Some of the leaders we know today possess this kind of abilities and intelligence, such as the president of the Arab Republic of Egypt, Hosni Mubarak, Osama Bin Laden, as well as the western leaders Tony Blair, Rudy Guiliani and former US president George W. Bush Jr (http://en. wikipedia. org). All of these people have been able to become leaders not because they were born to be one, but because they used the gift they were born with and improved their leadership skills through learning. People have been debating on this issue for a long time, not too long ago people had their definitions of a leader and have described the nature of leadership. These definitions have helped in shaping our concept of leadership today that people who are born with the intelligence of a future leader should also learn through the process to achieve that leadership title. Works Cited: Bock, Wally. â€Å"Are Leaders Born or Made? † (2006). June 3, 2009 . Gerstel, Judy. â€Å"The Psychology of Leadership. † (2001). June 3, 2009 . McCrimmon, Mitch. â€Å"Leadership in the Mind – the Psychology of Leadership†. leadersdirect. com. June 3, 2009. . Wagner, Kendra Van. â€Å"Leadership Theories – 8 Major Leadership Theories. † June 3, 2009 .

Beaten Like Dogs

Beaten Like Dogs ? â€Å"They went by, fallen, dragging their packs, dragging their lives, deserting their childhood, cringing like beaten dogs. † This quote stated in the book the Night written by Elie Wiesel. This quote simply sums up the book in a few words. For me it shows the indescribable misery endured by the Jewish people. This quote really has a deep impact on me. It makes me realize how lucky I am, to live in a country where there is a freedom to practice whatever religion you want to be a part of.It makes me feel so bad for all the torture that the Jews suffered. When I think about the gas chambers, the starvation, and the abuse, I put myself in the position of a Jewish person. If my family was told we were all going to shower, and finally be clean, and we were actually being executed. It makes me sick to my stomach. The disgust the images from this quote bring to me, I will never forget. When I juxtapose my life with an 18 year old Jewish boy’s life in 1945 I realize the suffrage that they went through. I choose to have a job, which I get paid for.While a Jewish boy at this time would be forced to do hard labor for no pay and if they refuse they would be brutally murdered. I eat everyday three meals a day but this boy however gets little to no food. Could I live like this? Suffering everyday surviving physical and mental torture. I really don’t think I could, all of the people, good innocent people being persecuted for their religion I have realized were stronger then the over compensating Nazi’s who got there high from literally breaking down these good people.This quote has changed the way I look at my life and the freedom and choices I get to make every day. Such as: school, clothing, sports, and my job. Also the quote has changed my view on abusive parents. I’ve always known this is a bad thing, but the quote makes me picture how an abused child could feel on the inside. In my opinion Wiesel named the book â₠¬Å"Night† because the Jewish people in the death camps felt like they were trapped in the darkness, and would never see the light of day again.

How are women portrayed in The Millers Tale Essay

The Miller’s Tale was written and is set in medieval England, a time when women had much fewer rights than men, and were more or less just owned by their fathers, and then by their husbands when they got married. 17th century United States in The Crucible has a slightly different society but also has the similar male dominance. The Handmaid’s Tale is set in a dystopian future where women are also heavily dominated by men, but in a completely different way. This essay is about the ways that women in general are portrayed and perceived in these three stories, as well as touching on the characters of the individual women in these tales. The Miller’s Tale is one of the stories from the Canterbury Tales series, all written in poetic form, by Geoffrey Chaucer. These tales in the series are all told by different pilgrims, who are also fictional, so this uses a story-within-a-story literary device. Their tales are part of a contest to entertain each other on their pilgrimage from Southwark to Canterbury Cathedral. In The Miller’s Tale, it is the miller’s turn to tell a tale, and he tells the story of a devious young student called Nicholas, who is attracted to the much younger wife of a carpenter, his neighbour, and plots a cunning plan to sleep with her. He does this by telling the dim and simple carpenter that a flood is coming, and that he must tie some tubs to the ceiling of his home for the three of them in order to keep them safe. Whilst the carpenter is away at work on these orders, Nicholas takes the carpenter’s wife Alison downstairs and manages to seduce her until she very willingly has sex with him. Alison from The Miller’s Tale is eighteen years old, and described as passionate and highly attractive. Her faithfulness in marriage to her husband is very questionable when she allows herself to be easily taken in by this other man, her neighbour, and commits adultery with him without much care for her own husband. Near the beginning of the Miller’s Tale, there is a clear, physical description of Alison, being a lively woman who might want to have an affair. For she is â€Å"wilde and yonge†, meaning that her behaviour is rather uncontrolled, and her older husband is jealous and possessive of her. The miller describes her as having a â€Å"body gent and smal† as a weasel’s, meaning that she has an attractive slim figure, and that suggests that she is also a very sly character just like a weasel. Alison is also vain and very concerned about her appearance. She is selfish and cares more about herself than of other people, and she does not even think much of all the men that take a strong liking to her. She has established herself as a not at all a likeable character in this story. The fact that she sleeps with Nicholas right in her very own marital home, whilst her own husband is just upstairs at work at the very same time, must show how very daring she is, because he could have easily come downstairs and catch them in the act. But it could also mean that she does not actually really mind or care much about the carpenter’s feelings or whether he knows that she is being unfaithful to him or not. We feel some sympathy for the carpenter, who is being conned like this by two people, as well as being cheated on by his wife and having to bear the shameful title of a â€Å"cuckold†. Alison is certainly one to take risks in exchange for her own selfish sexual desires, going against the female stereotypes of the time by being rebellious and free-spirited and instead of being faithful and modest like a woman should be in her time. Alison from The Miller’s Tale is a lot like Abigail Williams from The Crucible. They are similar ages, and are both selfish and sexually immoral women who both have illicit sexual affairs and go against societal and moral rules that are expected of them for their own personal gain and pleasure. Also, neither Alison nor Abigail show any shred of remorse for their sinful actions. Where Alison goes behind her albeit dim husband’s back to sleep with her neighbour Nicholas, she is in turn fulfilling his desiring lustful plan. Sex outside of marriage was very wrong in her time, let alone committing adultery. Alison might have just married the carpenter for the sake of security, since he is described in the story as a â€Å"rich gnof†, but obviously cannot control her extramarital sexual urges and is very open to acting on them whenever the chance arises. Seventeen year old Abigail betrays her position as a house servant in the Proctor’s home by having an affair with John Proctor whilst he is still married to his kind wife Elizabeth, who happens to be ill at the time the affair occurs. However, there is much more to Abigail than involvements in adultery, as this leads to her seemingly falling in love and becoming obsessed with John Proctor. She says to him in Act One before the trials: â€Å"I know how you clutched my back behind your house and sweated like a stallion whenever I come near†¦ It’s she put me out, you cannot pretend it were you. I saw your face when she put me out, and you loved me then and you do now†. Abigail has seriously formed an impression that John is just as infatuated with her and she is with him, even though he constantly denies it and tells her she is speaking a â€Å"wild thing†. So at the very start of the play, she is casting a spell to kill Elizabeth so that she can be out of the way for herself and John to be together, as she believes that Elizabeth is the only person in her way of having John. We can sympathise a little with Abigail, as we know she has had a very troubled past. She is an orphan, who had watched both her parents being viciously murdered by Indians one night a long time ago. She reveals this in Act One, after ordering the girls to lie about their activities in the woods, she viciously threatens to get them in the night, and in her own words says â€Å"you know I can do it: I saw Indians smash my dear parents’ heads on the pillow next to mine, and I have seen some reddish work done at night, and I can make you wish you had never seen the sun go down! â€Å". This traumatic event that was imposed upon her at such a young age does provide some explanation and understanding as to why her personality seems rather unstable, and why she acts so brutally towards other people. On the other hand, we don’t really know anything about Alison’s past, so we assume she is just a nasty sly character and though her crimes are not as dire as Abigail’s, we do not really have the evidence to feel as much sympathy for her behaviour. Though I think we can like Alison to some extent, as even though we condemn her behaviour, the men in her story are not as admirable as John Proctor so maybe her behaviour does not seem so bad. She even has the advantage of being secure in a marriage, unlike Abigail who is an unmarried orphan living with her uncle. The presentation of Abigail in The Crucible is rather dark and frightening, a good example of this being at the court scene, where she is deliberately causing hysteria by throwing around accusations of witchcraft, and even going as far as pretending to be bewitched by Mary, and getting all the other girls to make believe the very same thing and repeat Abigail’s exact chants and actions.

Theory and Development-M1A2 Q2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Theory and Development-M1A2 Q2 - Essay Example In addition, firms realized that motivation contributes towards productivity and eventual profits because motivated employees possess satisfaction in their work. Besides, companies invest in motivation because satisfied employees are an ideal brand to a company. Motivational strategies of today stretch beyond monetary rewards. Modern organizations, however, ensure that employees attain monetary benefits that are commensurate to the responsibilities they handle. In addition, impressive pay is a key retention factor in a contemporary organization. Building a consultative environment is a way of making modern employees feel as a part of an organization (Gagne & Deci, 2005). Organizations currently invest in staff training as a way of making employees feel competent in their work. Besides, organizations establish autonomous human resource departments that ensure there is constant communication between the employees and management in an organization. Motivation continues to be a challenge to today’s organizations. Technology has altered the expectations of employees. This suggests that traditional methods of motivation have to adapt to technological attitudes of modern employees. In addition, intrinsic motivation is a current issue that challenges contemporary firms. In turn, organizations strive to create the environments that encourage intrinsic motivation (Michie & Gooty, 2005). Companies, therefore, have to ensure that employees engage in responsibilities that synchronize with their

Corporate governance in Poland Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Corporate governance in Poland - Essay Example lf-regulation in the global business markets has resulted in the establishment and standardisation of corporate governance policies and codes (Maassen, Bosch and Volberda, 2004). This paper will explore the concept of corporate governance in Poland drawing from the privatisation movement of the 1990s, which resulted in massive changes in the corporate structure and organization, thereby prompting the practice of corporate governance in the country. In the business context, the concept of corporate governance refers to the system through which management teams direct and control their organisations in pursuit of the organizational goals and objectives (Rossouw, 2008). Organisations have a set of goals and objectives, which they pursue following premeditated strategies, with the intention of maximizing outcomes; in that respect, governance provides the fundamental framework that organisations follow in setting up objectives and achieving them (Pucko, 2005). In other words, corporate governance is the mechanism through which the management is able to monitor the actions, policies, and decisions of corporations while ensuring that the partisan interests among the different organizational stakeholders are properly aligned for effective operations (Witherell, 2000). Corporate governance has emerged to be a crucial aspect of the corporate world today (Rossouw, 2009), following the global demand for accountability in corporations, whi ch has been prompted by the succession of numerous cases of malpractices in global corporations (Todorovic & Todorovic, 2012). Generally, corporate governance is a very fundamental concept in the corporate management practice especially in today’s highly dynamic and complex global business environment that requires formal organizational structures for operational effectiveness (Sreejesh, 2012). Corporate governance in Poland was introduced in the 1990s following the privatization of numerous State Owned Enterprises through the issuance of

Wembley Stadium Project Management Strategic Issues Essay

Wembley Stadium Project Management Strategic Issues - Essay Example It increased the projected costs to more than double the earlier projections. Especial about the Wembley Stadium is its innovative steel arch that adds to the beauty of the Stadium. The steel arc also endures weight and reduces the need for internal support that could have come in the way of viewers sitting in the stadium. The load bearing feature of the arc adds decorum to the seating arrangement. The design of the Wembley Stadium unlike the Sydney Opera House or Guggenheim Bilbao was not new but nevertheless included a design element in the arch that was innovative, leaving no scope to adhere to best practice techniques such as reference class forecasting as there are no past figures to depend upon, being the novel concept. This absence of historical example is many-a-times a red flag in perfect project planning (Strategicppm, 2011). The Wembley Stadium project was contracted to the lowest bidding company, which developed a situation similar to winner’s curse in measuring the cost of the project belligerently. Project cost hiked 36% in between the time of the bid acceptance and signing of contract (Strategicppm, 2011). The Wembley Stadium occupies a distinct place in the event and entertainment industry worldwide and particularly in the history of the UK. The Wembley Stadium has been a host to a number of global events in the 20th century, which included a chain of leading park, theatre and funfair events the like of the 1924 British Empire Exhibition, the 1934 Empire Games, the 1948 Summer Olympics, the 1996 World Cup Finals, the 1978 Eurovision Song Contest, the 1996 European Championships and many other events organised in between (Quintain, 2004). The stadium was razed in 2002 to be reconstructed in 2006 to a 90,000-seating capacity stadium. The new ?757 million Wembley Stadium (NAO, 2003) is now about thrice as big to its earlier size with its arch positioning 140 metres extended from its concourse, which is huge enough to be looked over by the whole of London (Quintain, 2004). The major difference visible is of the arc that replaced the twin towers, the symbol of the stadium. The new Wembley National Stadium equally justifies the fame of the icon it used to be like the old Wembley Stadium (SPG, 2008a). Though a hot debate followed with the razing of the historic twin towers, but it is highly commendable that the final settlement for constructing an arc was welcomed with uproar. The project got initiated in 1996, by raising a hue and cry for a new English national stadium. Soon after holding the national competitions, Sport England decided with a majority Wembley as the most desired location (House of Commons, 2004). The mission of the Sport England was to back the creation of an iconic stadium for three leading sports namely, football, rugby league and athletics (NAO, 2003). The major use of the Wembley national stadium was planned for football and rugby league (NAO, 2003). It was earmarked that after five years of the stadium's functioning, 1% of its yearly turnover would be donated by WNSL for the provision of sports education and other projects (NAO, 2003). 2. Analys is of the Reasons of Delays or Cost Increase during the Project The

How Can We Find Happiness from Sports Research Paper

How Can We Find Happiness from Sports - Research Paper Example Tackling the initial half first; sports can be defined as the competitive or cooperative activities, which are usually physical in nature and performed between either individuals or a team (Delaney & Madigan, 2009, 23). There are various kinds of sports, but two main categories are indoor and outdoor sports. Soccer, tennis and Cricket are a few of the most popular outdoor sports worldwide. Diehard fans that play such sports themselves physically or follow it by watching it on media are very passionate about these games and it is amongst the favourite hobbies of many people. If their teams or preferred players are victorious in their fixtures they are overwhelmed with happiness, however the opposite happens if their selection is defeated. This is so because many people derive happiness from sports by deviating their minds from other worries and stress related activities. When they do so they look for an escape where they can feel positive and gain hope and inspiration from? Victory in sports for their team gets them this happiness they look for. This is further evidenced by various scholars, who regard sports to have a direct linkage with our moods, and its ability to either make us happy or upset according to its outcome (Forsyth, 2010, 80). Here the favourable outcome is related to victory, and thus being victorious in the sport is the main aim for all the ones participating or watching it. Sports also becomes a reason for happiness when they bring about a positive improvement in one’s health, as being healthy is directly related with having a good mood according to various researches (Kahneman, 2003, 364). In order to stay abreast with the high level of competition in today’s fast- paced world, many people have the excuse that their busy schedules are the reason they cannot devote any time to exercise (Weinberg & Gould, 1995, 420). However, by being active in sports which are physical in nature even for a short session every alternate day can be the most effective way in keeping such people fit and away from a sedentary lifestyle. Another benefit of sport is that it keeps people away from unproductive activities which they might otherwise have indulged in, if they were not playing or following sports. Sports which are physical take up a lot of energy of the person and once done, people prioritise the rest of their chores and responsibilities for the day and only carry out the ones really worth doing. Consequently they skip those events which were unproductive from the start. This way they do not feel guilty by doing anything wrong and therefore feel content and satisfied with the way they spent their time. ‘Guilt’ is a very strong emotion which can really weigh us down if its cause is not identified and solved. It adds immensely to depression and can be the eventual catalyst towards many physical ailments as well. Thus being content with oneself is the process which keeps people happy and cheerful about themse lves. Sport also teaches us the importance of cooperation and through indulging in sports, men and women both learn the value of team work and collaboration (Delaney & Madigan, 2009, 22). They learn that more can be achieved through working with others and this keeps them away from being selfish or self-serving (Delaney & Madigan, 2009, 22). By working in cooperation and helping out others who are weak there is no gap left in the overall performance as all resources are utilized. Through working together, a better

Harley-Davidsons strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Harley-Davidsons strategy - Essay Example This paper analyses the strategies which helped this company to establish strong reputation in international market. â€Å"Our vision is to fulfil dreams by providing extraordinary motorcycles and customer experiences, and by fuelling the passion for freedom in our customers† (Harley-Davidson India). In other words, Harley-Davidson is capable of delivering more than its customers’ expectations. While most of the companies promise more and deliver less, Harley-Davidson promises less and delivers more. This strategy helps the company to enhance its corporate image immensely. Harley-Davidson is considering its customers as the most important elements in its business. Customers are getting high quality services before and the after the purchase of Harley-Davidson motor bikes. The company knows very well that the existing customers are as important as the new customers. Harley-Davidson’s mission statement says that; â€Å"we ride with our customers and apply this deep connection in every market we serve to create superior value for all of our stakeholders† (HD Values). Harley-Davidson Company is providing individualized services to the customers. In other words, customers of Harley-Davidson have the luxury to get their motorbike after the customization process. The company is ready to do a lot of customization on its bike based on the demands of the individual customers. No other motorcycle manufactures are ready to do so. This strategy is helping the company to satisfy the customer needs in a better manner. Harley-Davidson is keen in improving company’s reputation with the help of the observance of some of the key values. Some of the core values, followed in the company’s dealings are; tell the truth, be fair, keep the promises, respect the individual and encourage the intellectual curiosity (HD Values). Unlike many other companies, Harley-Davidson is keen in telling the truth to all its customers

English Literature Coursework Essay Example for Free

English Literature Coursework Essay Compare and contrast at least two short stories by Edgar Allen Poe, paying particular attention to setting, atmosphere, characterisation, theme and language. Throughout this essay I will be comparing and contrasting Edgar Allen Poes The Black Cat and The Cask of Amontillado. Edgar Allen Poe had a particular preference to what though was good writing he believed that a story should build suspense and tension and all techniques should be used to build this tension for a big finish, his unity of effects. Many of Poes stories are very gothic and sinister, this can be seen to have been influenced by the long chain of very traumatic events in his life such as losing both parents, losing his wife, alcoholism and hallucinations. He should never be called crazy himself but his stories often involve crazy narrators and characters. I will firstly start of with the setting in The Cask of Amontillado, this is a story set in old Italy in which our main character Montressor has been gravely insulted by Fortunato and to find his revenge he buries him alive deep underneath his mansion. The setting in the Cask is sinister and also ironic. Its set in a mansion during the carnival, the mansion itself is very gothic and creepy which gives us the gothic element, but the fact that its set during carnival is very ironic as carnival is supposed to be a time of joy and gaiety not a time for evil murders such as this. The reason this murder actually takes place is also due to the carnival, as during it a lot of social boundaries are dropped and laws are less firmly enforced which gives him this chance to get away with murder. The deed itself is set deep in Montressors cellar, his catacombs, which provides is with a very gothic atmosphere. The deeper they descend into the cellar can also been seen as irony for descending into hell which gives us another layer to the setting of this tale. The Black Cat is a story set all at home in which a very strange series of events take place and the narrator who was once a very fond animal lover becomes their enemy and ends up killing one cat and attempting to kill his second but instead kills his wife, who he walls up in his cellar and accidently walls up the cat alive with her. During this time we witness his slow decent into utter madness. The setting as I said is all at the narrator home, this is ironic as the home is where we are supposed to feel most secure and most safe but it this tale its where these crazy and rather disturbing events take place, this affects the reader in a way which makes them think that the home is maybe not so secure as they once thought and challenges their views of safety and security. The safety of home is a total contrast to the sinister events that take place. This is similar to the Cask as all deaths in both stories take place in the narrators home, but is contrasted as in the Cask he was more in control of where the death could have taken place as he was more sane, but it in The Black Cat he is less in control and the death of his wife was more spur of the moment. The murder in the cask was very much thought out and everything was planned to the last detail but in the black cat he is often drunk or not in a safe state of mind when the murders are committed. I will now compare and contrast the atmosphere in both stories. In the Cask Poe creates a gothic atmosphere by describing the scenery very vivid and in a hugely gothic detail. Such as upon the damp ground of the catacombs of the montressors which gives up a vivid image of a huge damp cellar lined with cob-webs and rats. Also the madness of the carnival is ironic for the madness of the deeds thats going to take place. In the black cat the gothic atmosphere is created by the huge range of gothic literature and very dramatic writing. During the story there are series of very perverse doings such as the pair of deaths one being a cat and the other his wife. There are also lots of hints towards to supernatural elements starting off with the connection between black cats and witches by the narrators wife, which we can assume played on his mind throughout the story and may have lead to part of his downfall. Both stories have a huge intensity and a great build up of tension. Both stories create terror and a gothic atmosphere. Now I will discuss the largest of all subjects from the two stories, the narrators. The narrator in the Cask is a very proud man and not easily annoyed as Poe says that he say bared most of Forunatos but once he is gravely insulted he believes he has to go to the extremity of murder to gain his revenge and regain his dignity. Id say the character is actually rather reliable as he doesnt seem to be insane, just getting revenge the only way he thinks he can, and he often mentions that what hes doing is just part of human nature and everyone does it just maybe not on this scale. His state of mind is pretty secure, he seems to know exactly what hes doing and just how hes going to do it and everything seems very much planned out to the utter last detail. His only slip would seem to be right at the end when he starts to call out Fortunatos name where it would seem that hes starting to feel regret already for what hes doing. Hes very manipulative as he knows exactly what things to say to make Fortunato come with him, such as mentioning Luchresi as he knows that Fortunato would be in competition with him and would be jealous to see him take it to Luchresi instead of him, he basically uses him as a lure, even though that is all we hear about Luchresi its enough to sway Fortunato into the montressors deep vaults. Now for the narrator in the black cat, at the beginning of the story he is made out to be a very respectful and animal loving character. In the case of this particular character I can easily say that he is unreliable as he is clearly insane. Unlike the narrator in the cask, during his mental disintegration he starts to hallucinate. Such as the enormous, flat cat he imagines in house after the death of his first cat, and secondly the gallows appearing in the tuft of white hair on the second cat. The gallows are used as foreshadowing, maybe his death, or another death in his household or his impending capture. Throughout the story the narrators state of mind deteriates slowly, one reason for this could be his alcoholism that had taken control of him. He calls the alcohol fiend intemperance which he says had altered his for the worse, this shows that the narrator can see whats slowly happening to himself but blames it on the alcohol as he calls it a fiend. This adds another layer to the alcohol and leads up to believe that the narrators state of mind is not totally secure. So unlike the narrator in the cask we feel that he is rather out of control of his actions and his state of mind. The third subject comparison I will make is in the language of the two stories. In the cask Poe uses a huge array of linguistic devices. There is extensive vocabulary throughout the prose which gives it depth and great vivid detail such as deep dark crypt; this has two descriptive adjectives and alliteration in a tiny space. This gives the tale imagery of this evil crypt and mysterious vaults. He also uses several instances of repetition to describe and give the story yet another layer or depth and emphasis in particular important events in the prose; a succession of loud and shrill screams. He also has a wide range of sentence structure, simple, compound and complex. The complex sentences in this prose build tension and then a compound or simple on for impact. All of these techniques create and build tension and intensity. There is also irony, for example the use of appearance versus reality where the narrator presents himself as one way when infact in reality it is clearly obvious they are not. Foreshadowing is also used, this is when a particular event is mentioned or hinted at will become later in the story. Such as when Fortunato is suffering from a cough and upon entering the vaults has a sudden coughing fit after which montressor requests that they leave but fortunate insists that; the coughs a mere nothing; it will not kill me. I shall not die of a cough. This is seen as foreshadowing his future, true he will not die of a cough, but he will die in these vaults. In the black cat Poe uses irony in his very first paragraph, mere household events when we know that they are clearly far from mere household events. Poe also uses personification; the most rhetorical is when he personifies the alcohol to give it another layer and it would also give someone to blame his irrational behaviour on. The use of irony is noticeable when the narrator reveals that his first cats name was Pluto, who, in Greek mythology, is the lord of the underworld. This could also tap into the supernatural element of the tale which could be the reason for the narrators physiological downfall. Poe uses the technique of rhetorical questions to probe at the reader and leave an unanswered question in the readers head. Such as; who has not, a hundred times, found himself committing a vile or a silly action, for no other reason that because he knows he should not?. This particular rhetorical question is basically talking about this perverse side in everyone and about basic human nature, which is something that we can all relate to as readers and could also, be the narrator trying to justify his actions as part of everyday human nature. Poes vocabulary is very vicious, emotive and demonic, such as demons, exhault, damned and agony. These emotive words play on the emotions and are much better than just normal descriptive words. Once again, like the Cask, intensity is created and built throughout the story, and both have foreshadowing, symbolism and good diction. An example of foreshadowing in the black cat could be the narrators hallucination of the gallows appearing in his second cats fur, this could be foreshadowing a death that he could be related to including himself. The last category I will be comparing and contrasting is themes in the tale. In the cask Poe explores several themes, such as the dropping of moral boundaries at the time of carnivals and their consequences, such as crime. Poe is just using this extremity to show this. Revenge is also another theme explored in this tale and once again this is an extremity to show that. It is also to explore the narrators state of mind and to entertain the reader. In the black cat Poe explores the idea that everyone has a perverse side and uses this extremity to show that. Like the cask, it also explores the narrators state of mind and to entertain the reader.

Values Of Nationalism In Pakistan

Values Of Nationalism In Pakistan The ideology of nationalism has been defined as a feeling of belonging among the individuals of a nation and it is based on the religion, language, and ethnic origins. In Pakistan, the ideology of nationalism was first initiated with Islam as single religion. The Muslim of India was unified on the basis of religion to create a single national identity (Haqqani, 2005)Â  [1]Â  . However, nationalism can also be defined as feeling among group that is reawakened by modernity (Adeel, 2005)Â  [2]Â  , thus nationalism in Pakistan is a result of struggle to have separate identification from the Hindus in the region of sub-continent Asia. Since the creation of Pakistan, nationalism is related to expression of historical, cultural, religious, linguistic and political values which is further elaborated as showing pride in the historical culture, heritage and identity of Pakistan that also helps to formulate future vision of Pakistan. Problem with Nationalism in Pakistan Since its establishment, Pakistan has faced different difficulties and nationalism with concern to identity has been the most problematic national issue for Pakistan. Pakistan, being born from the old division of Indian civilization, has been struggling to construct its culture which gives it different identity, not much different from Indian culture but at the same time must be recognized as different by the world (Jaffrelot, 2002)Â  [3]Â  . After more than half century, nationalism in Pakistan has two faces or in other words there are two levels of values of nationalism exist. At first, there is nationalism which forms all Pakistani as one nation and according to that all Pakistanis possess one nationality and are citizen of Pakistan; similarly it is observed that government and media in Pakistan continuously attempts to prevail the value for nationalism among the citizen by showing threaten from India (Jaffrelot, 2002). Conversely, for more than five decades, it has been observe d that nationalism in Pakistan is disintegrated on the basis of linguistic, ethnicity and region. To Jaffrelot (2002), nationalism is an ideology which combines the people into a group and this formation occurs as a result of territorial, ethnic and social construction rather than on the basis of religion or language. Thus this definition excludes the linguistic group and religious communities. Pakistan, on the other hand, appears to be an unachieved nation on account of ethnic identities they have. Pakistan with disintegrated nation has been going through different problems. No matter what the nature of the problems is, media has long been playing its role in the creation of values of nationalism in Pakistan. This paper intends to examine the role of media in the creation of nationalistic value in Pakistan with especial reference to media as strong source or tool for creating the values of nationalism. Pakistani Media and Nationalism With the disruptive nationalist ideologies in the period of globalization, present nationalism is significantly different from the ideology of nationalism in nineteenth and early twentieth century. Today, it is seen that nationalism is impacted and increased by the mutual incompatibility between local as well as global world. However, nationalism has its deep root in diverse political, and cultures while different national trends impacts the way of media and journalists choose to demonstrate the news stories about national collective identities and the national interests. It is considered that national welfare development impacts the news coverage criteria towards a less narrow-minded and more responsible attitude on the part of the press. The role of mass media, since 1960s with the ideological state equipment, was able to organize the social image more concentrating on the ideology of national identity and national interest. Since national integrity and solidity have been core national issues of Pakistan, and press media has been rather active in analyzing these problem through generating the public awareness than electronic media. In Pakistan electronic media has long been missing its place to make significant influence to create national values. According to Price (1995)Â  [4]Â  , organized activity of media for social imagery was achieved by different controlling policies and it has directed to considerable and firm construction of consent in the name of the population within a nationality and nation state. The consent is taken from the symbolic and imaginary way of we and them, and it is implemented by the media event and the selection criteria of news and its presentation. To Dayan and Katz (1992)Â  [5]Â  , this consent is more prominent when it is about foreign policy issues and the international relations of a nation state. Gans (1979)Â  [6]Â  contends that nation is presented as a unified e ntity through TV news which is framed into anthropomorphic term. In addition, ethnocentrism is considered as one of the main journalistic values through which TV news is selected and presented. In the same way, since Pakistan has long been ally with the US state government and after 9/11 attacks the news coverage by electronic media in Pakistan had followed the international relation policy of Pakistani government through which Pakistani media showed sympathy with the people and citizen of the US (PÅ‚udowski, 2007)Â  [7]Â  . Generally people consider mass media as mean of determining the knowledge level and information about the national and international alliances, political players and foreign policy; similarly, news coverage both by press and electronic media also gives the geopolitical image of a country. For many decades nationalist movement was based on the typography and according to McLuhan (1987)Â  [8]Â  printed word make it possible to give the rise of national languages, producing common way of communication, and, as a result of it they have view of a common destiny. Urdu press in Pakistan, on the other hand, has been most careless and irresponsible in the world as it has always been indulge in promoting such conspiracy theories that could be harmful for the union of all provinces and its national image inside and outside the country. As discussed above that language communication is more powerful than picture communication with the view to have intimacy with the people using common language , Pakistani Urdu press media is deteriorating the national values by relying on the propaganda and prejudice views. However, here it is not significant to overview if the word of truth is promoted but more importantly that the news content is not relevant to promote the values of nationalism in the country (Gupta, 1999)Â  [9]Â  . However, the role of media with nationalism can also be observed in the time of war especially with reference to radio. Radio through broadcasting spreads the common words of fear and hate towards the other nations. Bias nationalism affects the selection as well as presentation of news stories and eventually results in outburst of nationalist mobilizations. The role of radio in Pakistan has similarly been motivated to promote the national values by the war threat from India in 1965 (Ali, 1995)Â  [10]Â  . Similar to theoretical concept about the role of radio with the context of creating the values of nationalism; radio in Pakistan is now less active is promoting integrated national values. Radio during the separation of East Pakistan from the West Wing had been remarkably positive and active in promoting integration between both wings on the other hand, radio in Bengal was active in disintegration of Bengal from the West Pakistan (Ghulam Kabir, 1994)Â  [11]Â  . Nationalism and Pakistani Media in the Era of Globalization Present nationalism is not the result of reemergence of past but rather integral and self-reliant. The ideology of nationalism is different from the ideology that existed in ninetieth and twentieth century. Nowadays, nationalism ideology is more influenced by the global trends. However, the process of globalization occurs both on the level of systemic integration and on the level of social integration. Systemic integration refers to economy, technology, and communications; on the other hand, social integration is life-world. The process of globalization takes place in a very systematic way and occurs from place to place. Thus, in modern period ideology of nationalism is taken into account as local reaction of political system and mutual identities to different number of national welfare development (Robins, 1991)Â  [12]Â  . New era of popular electronic media is Pakistan is more like autonomous body especially electronic media which seems to find different ways through which public of Pakistan is making a successful transition to a democracy. However, values of nationalism in Pakistan is complicated with the view of having multi-linguistic and ethnic population (Akbar, 1998)Â  [13]Â  but this complication is also related with lack of democracy in Pakistan and impartial judicial process which can remarkably overcome the disintegration (Akhtar, 2000)Â  [14]Â  . Pakistani media now seems to have role of watch-dog while holding the politicians and making them accountable and keeping the public informed of the situation. As far as role of television is concerned historically one of the evidence of media influence on the nationalism was observed in the late century when nationalist mobilization occurs owing to effects of TV pictures and power of media to construct the imaginary national community. According to Meyrowitz (1985)Â  [15]Â  , the presentation and directness of TV pictures allows focusing on the local event to change into event of national and international interest. The effectiveness of media impact in the creation of nationalism is not measured yet but TV has been observed effective for spreading a word at a distance. In last few years electronic media in Pakistan has grown well with the inception of private news channels and radio channels; therefore now media is much free but less responsible in terms of bearing the responsibility towards creating the values for nationalism in the country. Even though if it is assumed that electronic media in Pakistan is not effective or playing role to promote national values to integrate the country, yet Pakistani media has deep effect on the popular consciousness (Jaffrelot, 2002). To assess the historical role of television in Pakistan it is significant to overview the effectiveness of television in the creation of national values. Television with the coordination of demand and aims distant plays an important tool which forms the practical narrative and also creates group identity. Television is very friendly tool when it is used to address national minorities (Smith, 1990)Â  [16]Â  . Here it is essential to mention that current nationalism or previous nationalism is not the result of media communication but media has been used as such structure that aids to find the origination and development. However, once nationalism is created as on political ideologies, it can be effective or manipulative for media. Pakistan television which is government entity failed to maintain that integrity and promote the nationalism on account of government influence on the coverage of news (Asian Media Information and Communication Centre, 2000)Â  [17]Â  . To Altheide (1979)Â  [18]Â  , there could be two different trends in relation to nationalism or national identification and media. At first it is excess or fast moving changing picture and images, this is the result of logic behind the concept of television. The commercialization in TV forms nations identification the nation with indefinite, sporadic, and sometimes insecure identification. White (1992)Â  [19]Â  justifies it as citizen-viewers are with interrupted views and actions and usually have contradiction views. Thus, national dominancy over the social imagery is changed with diverse similarities. The last century (quarter of the twentieth century) is witness of the situation and was resulted as broadcasting deregulation and globalization of information and economy (Lash, 1994)Â  [20]Â  . Bauman (1993)Â  [21]Â  explains that it helps to promote the sense of co-belonging and also affects other mutual identity that is likely to conceal neotribalism. The relationship betwe en nationalism and media is affected by both materially and conceptually and it is changing and shifting cultural, political and economic configuration (Schlesinger, 1991)Â  [22]Â  . Therefore, nowadays nationalism ideology has become a mediatized and it is used through TV which through narrative language leads to change in understanding and views of an individual towards national identity and feelings of nationalism. To Luke (1995)Â  [23]Â  , nationalism is nowadays related to and reproduced as part of real life and more associated with the national identity. Similarly, there is another trend related to globalization of communication; since globalization of communication has directed the world towards limited cultural difference and viewers usually find it easy to maintain the nationalism and make selective interpretation of international message. According to Negrine and Papathanassopoulos (1990)Â  [24]Â  , paper and electronic media maintains their national integrity and in terest and this orientation is observed by the news presentation especially international news. Pakistan has been observing new era of modern communication in the country and local news channels within the country are more concerned about the national issues. Both electronic and press media in Pakistan is more focusing on the future of Pakistan as independent nation with different identity in the world. However, media in Pakistan is considered as effective entity with the perception to show the culture of Pakistan to the world and get them identified as separate nation. The news coverage of national issue, on one hand, is likely to support the national interest of the country, on the other hand national government and politics are more criticized by news channels. With such combination television in Pakistan is politicized and looks rather defocused on promoting the national integrity and national identification. As far as foreign policy is concerned the news media apply distinctive influence on the audience with the use of language and images. Since there is little contributio n of television in Pakistan as a result of limited personal experience and involvement in the issues the news presentation is commonly like cycle with popular expectations cultivated by national stereotypes especially in the time of nationalist enthusiasm.